by Mihaela Manolache
Underground or underground culture linked under the same umbrella artists, philosophers, writers, or journalists who rebelled against the mainstream views to promote their own ideas. Their alternative approach towards the social norms differentiated them from the rest of the crowd and, for many of them, meant attracting loyal followers under the name of secret movements or spirit. There is evidence that throughout history several resistance movements occurred in different time periods, as old as Antiquity.
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Jean-François Bizot states in his Underground, l’histoire that Spartacus or Jesus may have been some of the oldest examples that define the term underground. This term is used to describe people or movements that “threatened” to open new horizons to an ancient world. One could say that the undergrounders were a modernizing element of the society, the ones that brought in front new ideas, revolutionary art, religious cults with modern (different) interpretations. Even today critics refer to the underground as a whole world that was born in secrecy under harsh political regimes. Thus, the need…
